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22.
通过相似性分析,得到了大气污染建筑物影响风洞试验应满足的基本相似条件.由一个实例研究了利用常规风洞模拟装置和测试仪器进行大气污染建筑物影响风洞试验在技术上的可行性.结果显示:由于模拟装置和仪器条件的限制,在大多数风洞试验中存在大气边界层不完全模拟和仪器响应过慢等问题,但通过合理模拟来流的主要湍流特征和改进采样方法,可以在风洞中较真实地模拟建筑物对大气扩散的影响. 相似文献
23.
中国上空民航飞机NOx排放分布再探 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对1998年旺季(4月~10月)的中国上空民航飞机的NOx排放量及其分布进行了评估,并结合国内外有关数据进行了分析和比较.结果表明,目前中国的商业飞行所造成的NOx排放主要集中在(大)城市上空,各城市上空的大气污染程度有很大的不同,且这些城市上空的NOx含量沿高度方向由地面向高空递减;就自身发展来看,目前的高空飞机NOx排放量已比6年前增加1倍多;从横向比较来看,目前中国几个大城市上空飞机的NOx排放量已达到并超过6年前全球空运发达地区的排放量,应引起有关部门的高度注意. 相似文献
24.
城市交通造成了严重的环境污染,围绕城市环境治理问题展开研究,已成为实现城市经济可持续发展的重大课题,文章在总结城市交通污染产生原因的基础上,通过最优污染水平控制模型的建立,分析了减少交通污染的途径和方法。 相似文献
25.
Diego Scaccabarozzi Bortolino Saggin Marco Tarabini Ernesto Palomba Andrea Longobardo Emiliano Zampetti 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2014
This work focuses on the thermo-mechanical design of the microbalance used for the VISTA (Volatile In Situ Thermogravimetry Analyzer) sensor. VISTA has been designed to operate in situ in different space environments (asteroids, Mars, icy satellites). In this paper we focus on its application on Mars, where the expected environmental conditions are the most challenging for the thermo-mechanical design. 相似文献
26.
《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2020,65(4):1263-1278
Enhancing the dust storm detection is a key part for the environmental protection, human healthy and economic development. The goal of this paper is to propose a new Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method to automatically detect dust storms using remote sensing data. Existing methods dealing with this problem are usually threshold-based that are of great complexity and uncertainty. In this paper we propose a simple and reliable method combining SVM with MODIS L1 data and explore the optimal band combinations used as the feature vectors of SVM. The developed method was evaluated by MODIS and OMI data qualitatively and quantitatively on three study sites located in the Arabian Desert, Gobi Desert and Taklimakan Desert, and it was also compared to three other traditional methods based on their accuracy, complexity, reliability and sensitivity to thresholds. The detection results demonstrated that the combination of (Band7 − Band3)/(Band7 + Band3) ((B7 − B3)/(B7 + B3)), Band20 − Band31 (B20 − B31), and Band31/Band32 (B31/B32) can detect the dust storms more precisely than other individual bands or their combination. The comparison among those cases indicated that the proposed automatic method exhibited an advantage of minimizing the uncertainty and complexity, which were the limits of defining thresholds based on the threshold-based methods. The conclusions can provide references for studies that focus on statistical-based dust storm detection. 相似文献
27.
通过重庆都市经济圈网格化深浅层土壤及评价样品的调查分析,阐述重金属Cd区域上的分布现状,并绘制土壤Cd元素环境质量分级图.研究区浅层土壤Cd背景平均值0.27μg/g,深层0.13μg/g.根据《土壤环境质量标准》对区内土壤进行统计分类,区内浅层土壤Cd元素Ⅱ类土及以上土类面积为83.97%.土壤Cd高含量值主要分布在金刀峡镇北、含谷—白市驿、木耳—王家和玉峰山镇等区域.含谷—白市驿、木耳—王家、西彭北等区域的高Cd含量受人类活动影响比较明显,其中含谷—白市驿区Cd主要来源于生活垃圾、排污底泥和降尘,而金刀峡镇北的高Cd含量属自然背景变化的范畴. 相似文献
28.
Jürgen Blum 《Space Science Reviews》2000,92(1-2):265-278
For a better understanding of the processes which lead to the formation of planetesimals in the early solar nebula, we performed
an extensive series of laboratory experiments. We find that the capture velocities in collisions between spherical grains
are more than one order of magnitude higher than predicted by Chokshi et al (1993). In contrast, irregular grains have no
capture threshold and can be better described by a sticking probability which is typically a few 10%, even for velocities
exceeding 10 m/s. However, adhesion forces between spherical, micron-sized particles match the theoretical predictions very
well, although contact areas and deformations are of the order of inter-atomic distances only. Aggregation experiments in
rarefied turbulent gases reveal the fractal nature of dust aggregates. Mass distribution functions are bell-shaped. Similar
behaviour can be found in aggregation experiments with sedimenting particles. Experiments on collision-induced aggregate compaction
and fragmentation match the numerical simulations by Dominik and Tielens (1997) very well if revised experimental values of
the break-up energy (from our impact experiments) and the rolling-friction force (from our AFM measurements on particle chains)
are used.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
29.
Colangeli L. Mennella V. Brucato J.R. Palumbo P. Rotundi A. 《Space Science Reviews》1999,90(1-2):341-354
One of the main objectives of modern astrophysics is the characterisation of properties and evolution of materials present
in space. Production, processing and analysis of cosmic dust analogues in the laboratory represents a powerful tool to interpret
astronomical observations and to contribute to the solution of puzzling problems which are so far unsolved. In the present
paper we summarize recent results obtained in our laboratory on carbon-based and silicate materials able to simulate various
types of cosmic grains. The laboratory data are applied to discuss the nature of spectral features observed in the interstellar
medium and in comets.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
30.
浅谈船舶柴油机排放污染及控制对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文论述了船舶柴油机废气排放对大气污染的影响,介绍了IMO(国际海事组织)对船舶柴油机排放的控制要求,以及国内外柴油机研究机构和制造公司所采取的对策。 相似文献